2.2 Verb Tenses - Present and Past
Mestre engelske verbtider: present simple, present continuous, past simple og past continuous.
Verb-tider (Verb Tenses)
Verb-tider fortel oss når noko skjer. Engelsk har mange tider, men i dette kapittelet fokuserer vi på dei fire viktigaste: present simple, present continuous, past simple og past continuous.
Å velje rett tid er ei av dei vanlegaste utfordringane for norske elevar.
Bruk present simple for:
- Fakta og generelle sanningar: "Water boils at 100 degrees."
- Vanar og rutinar: "I wake up at 7 every day."
- Faste situasjonar: "She lives in Oslo."
Bøying: I/you/we/they + verb | he/she/it + verb + -s
- "I play football." / "She plays football."
- "They go to school." / "He goes to school."
Nektande: I/you/we/they + don't + verb | he/she/it + doesn't + verb
- "I don't like spinach." / "She doesn't like spinach."
Bruk present continuous for:
- Handlingar som skjer akkurat no: "I am reading a book."
- Mellombelse situasjonar: "He is staying with friends this week."
- Framtidige avtalar: "We are meeting tomorrow."
Bøying: am/is/are + verb + -ing
- "I am watching TV."
- "She is sleeping."
- "They are playing outside."
Kva er skilnaden mellom desse setningane?
a) "I read books."
b) "I am reading a book."
a) Present simple - dette er ein vane/rutine. Personen les bøker generelt (kanskje som hobby).
b) Present continuous - dette skjer akkurat no, i dette augneblinken. Personen sit og les akkurat no.
Enkel hugseregel:
- Present simple = noko du gjer regelmessig
- Present continuous = noko du gjer akkurat no
Vel rett tid: present simple eller present continuous?
"She ___ (read) every evening before bed."
"Look! It ___ (rain) outside right now."
"Water ___ (freeze) at 0 degrees Celsius."
Bruk past simple for:
- Avslutta handlingar i fortida: "I visited Paris last year."
- Rekkje av hendingar: "She woke up, ate breakfast, and left."
Bøying:
- Regelrette verb: verb + -ed (walked, talked, played)
- Uregelrette verb: eiga form (went, saw, ate, took)
Nektande: subjekt + didn't + grunnform
- "I didn't go to the party." (ikkje: I didn't went)
| Grunnform | Fortid | Norsk |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | gå |
| see | saw | sjå |
| take | took | ta |
| eat | ate | ete |
| write | wrote | skrive |
| give | gave | gi |
| come | came | komme |
| make | made | lage |
| think | thought | tenkje |
| buy | bought | kjøpe |
| say | said | seie |
| get | got | få |
Bruk past continuous for:
- Handlingar som pågjekk over tid i fortida: "I was reading when the phone rang."
- Bakgrunn i forteljingar: "The sun was shining and the birds were singing."
Bøying: was/were + verb + -ing
- "I/he/she/it was playing."
- "You/we/they were playing."
Ofte brukt saman med past simple: past continuous (bakgrunn) + past simple (handling):
- "I was watching TV when my friend called."
Forklar skilnaden:
a) "When she arrived, I made dinner."
b) "When she arrived, I was making dinner."
a) Past simple + past simple: Handlingane skjedde etter kvarandre. Først kom ho, deretter byrja eg å lage middag.
b) Past continuous + past simple: Eg heldt allereie på å lage middag då ho kom. Middagslaginga var bakgrunnen, ankomsten var hendinga.
Past continuous = den pågåande handlinga (bakgrunnen)
Past simple = den plutselege hendinga
Fyll inn med rett fortidsform.
"Yesterday, we ___ (go) to the cinema."
"I __ (sleep) when the alarm __ (ring)."
"She ___ (not/come) to school last Monday."
| Tid | Signalord |
|---|---|
| Present simple | every day, always, usually, never, often |
| Present continuous | now, right now, at the moment, look! |
| Past simple | yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago |
| Past continuous | while, when, as |
Vel rett tid for kvar setning.
"Right now, I ___ (write) my homework."
"She ___ (play) tennis every Saturday."
"While I __ (walk) home, I __ (find) a wallet."
Skriv ei kort forteljing (4-6 setningar) om noko du gjorde i helga. Bruk både past simple og past continuous.
Skriv forteljinga di på engelsk. Bruk past simple for hendingane og past continuous for bakgrunnen.
Oppsummering
| Tid | Bruk | Eksempel |
|---|---|---|
| Present simple | Vanar, fakta | She plays tennis. |
| Present continuous | Skjer no | She is playing tennis. |
| Past simple | Avslutta fortid | She played tennis yesterday. |
| Past continuous | Pågåande fortid | She was playing when I called. |
Hugseregelen for fortid:
- Past simple = hendinga (kva skjedde)
- Past continuous = bakgrunnen (kva pågjekk)
Øv på uregelrette verb - dei er nøkkelen til å snakke og skrive korrekt om fortida!
Dette kapitlet er skrevet av Anthropics toppmodeller (Claude Opus og Claude Fable) og er foreløpig ikke manuelt gjennomgått — kvalitetskontrollen gjøres av uavhengige KI-agenter, og innmeldte feil rettes fortløpende. Funnet en feil? Meld fra, så retter vi den. Les mer om hvordan innholdet lages.